Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. One of the most advanced civilization, famous for its town planning and drainage system and the use of brick kiln. The excellent drainage and sanitation systems are remarkable. The indus valley civilization grew to be larger than any other ancient empire, including those of egypt and mesopotamia. Each city was divided into the citadel area where the essential institutions of civic and religious life were located and the residential area. But the later researches have shown that the extent was bigger than what was postulated by john marshall. Harappa town planning is one of the most outstanding and remarkable features of harappa and the indus valley civilization, which is located in northwest india and pakistan. The indus valley civilization contained more than 1,000 cities and settlements. Imposing order and structure is a natural human tendency not just for things and activities but also for natural resources like land and water. Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in harappan.
In 1925 archaeologists announced a spectacular discovery of immense urban ruins of two cities mohenjodaro and harappa divided apart by a distance of 640 km but identical in their layout, architecture and building technique. Mohenjodaro, city of the indus valley michael jansen the harappan civilization, the worlds fourth great civilization after those of egypt, mesopotamia, and china flourished in the valley of the indus three thousand years ago. The remains from the indus valley civilization are from roughly the same period. Indus river valley civilization lesson plan mohenjo daro.
Indus valley civilization summary town structure consists of. Necessity scope principles of town planning, present status of town planning in india. Indus river valley civilization overview the indus river valley civilization dates back to 3500 b. The bundle includes a complete, detailed lesson plan, a corresponding powerpoint presentation, a fun archaeological inve. Take a look at town planning, religious practises, languages, technology, arts and crafts, and the decline of the indus valley civilisation. Eg seal carving developed new techniques in metallurgy. This handy planning overview is a resource that will give you some fabulous ideas for your lessons on this topic. Indus valley civilization indus valley civilization it. The people of this region developed a sophisticated and. Theory of mesopotamian origin according to john marshall and mortumer wheeler. Townplanning of harappan culture your article library.
The town planning of the harappan civilization upholds the fact that the civic establishments of the city were highly developed. Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan. City planning and organization of indus valley civilization ischools. Like most of the indus towns, mohenjodaro was a gridplanned city i. City planning of the indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization harappa civilization in india had a really well made town planning system. There are several theories to the excellent town planning of indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilization houses and buildings dk find out. The uniformity in the cities planning and construction suggests that. Map showing the indus valley civilization harappa, mohenjodaro, mehrgarh and lothal with current countriy boundaries. Along with ancient egypt and mesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the old world, and of the three the most widespread covering an. The indus valley civilization was a bronze age civilization 33000 bce mature period 26001900 bce extending from what today is northeast afghanistan to pakistan and northwest india.
Many of the distinctive features of the harappan civilization like writing, standardised seals and weights, some standardised aspects of town planning and other. Indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni the known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan. Mohenjodaro, city of the indus valley sciencedirect. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. The indus valley civilisation, also known as the harappan civilisation, is the oldest civilisation in asia. The culture associated with the harappan civilization is the. All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. Although there was not much furniture, the homes had wells for water and bathrooms with pipes that carried waste into the main drains.
However none holds the ground as all these theories are negated on certain facts. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. Use the graphic organizer to draw conclusions about. Towns were rectangular, with straight walls all facing north, south, east or west, and straight streets that formed a pattern like a grid and divided the city into block sections. The indus civilization stands tall amongst other civilizations of the ancient world such as mesopotamian, egyptian and babylonian. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. Understanding ancient civilizations series includes bibliographical references and index. The concept of town planning itself is a cumbersome one even today. Case study city planning and organization of indus valley civilization overview. These cities contained wellorganized wastewater drainage systems, trash collection systems, and possibly even public granaries and baths. Copper, bronze, tin and lead indus cities are noted for urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and cluster of nonresidential buildings. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network. The indus valley people lived from 3500 to 1700 bce in the indus valley in modern day pakistan and india and other countries of the region.
These cities show a twinsettlement pattern a citadel and a lower town, as can be. Students learn about the indus river valley civilizations straight from the source as they examine actual images from the mohenjo daro and harappa archaeological excavation sites. Researchers have found swastikas a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross,hindu gods shiva and rudra, and a mother goddess symbolizing fertility. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. Reading video harappan indus valley civilization harappa and mohenjo daro excavations. They followed a system of centralized administration. Streets laid out in perfect grid patterns houses were protected from noise, odors, and thieves individual homes. Indus valley civilization it can be said that the indus valley civilization, based on the excellent urban planning of the cities harappa and mohenjodaro, was highly advanced in science and mathematics, architecture, and had citizens that interacted with cities other than their own.
The indus valley civilization history, location, map, art. The most characteristic feature of the harappan civilization was its urbanization. As yet little is known about it, but one enormous town mohenjodaro has survived. The centre of the civilization was in sind and punjab in undivided india, from this center the civilization spread towards all direction. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. Ancient indus civilization articles which can be downloaded and read as pdf files from this site.
The most striking feature of the ivc is the townplanning. Major sites h ar p first ivc sites to be excavated. Indus valley civilization map, harappa and mohenjodaro. The town planning of harappan civilization reveals that the civic organisations of the city were highly developed and even at the present age, the sites are special attractions for archaeologists. It was the most sophisticated and exemplarily system before the romans. Harappan architecture is the architecture of the indus valley civilization, an ancient people who lived in the indus valley from about 3300 bce to 0 bce the civilisations cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large nonresidential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft carnelian products, seal.
Indus valley civilization after it was introduced by the aryans. City areas most of the cities were divided into two main parts. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. Pdf new insights into harappan townplanning, proportions and. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour. Indus valley of ine lesson plan the forgotten cities.
Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system. Building and technology the indus valley civilization. The ruins of the cities, so far unearthed, show remarkable town planning, and excellent system of drainage and sanitation of the indus valley. Finally a 4th civilization arose in the yellow river valley of northwestern china in the 2nd millennium bce. In this article we will discuss about the food, social dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of indus valley civilization. Stairs led to a flat roof where there was extra space to work and relax. The striking feature of the indus valley civilisation was the wellplanned nature of its cities. Others called it the indus valley culture, the indomediterranean. Cities of the indus valley civilization world civilization. Town planning system the town planning system of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was city based. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. The harappa town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide.
M338 2008 934dc22 2007025308 1211100908 12345678910. Civilization, like harappa, mohenjodaro, and dholavira faced abandonment and decline during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium b. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Although there were large walls and citadels, there is no evidence of monuments, palaces, or temples. Prehistoric fishing along the coasts of the arabian sea. The indus valley civilisation began in 3250 bc and reached its extinction in 1500 bc, making it down in history as one of the worlds longest surviving civilisations. Isbn 9789231027192 the indus civilization diji cultural type that is widely spread as evidenced by the excavations at sarai kala, 12gumla, rahman dheri, 14 on the indus plain, near dera ismail khan, and several other placesinthepunjab. Town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization.
Pdf dholaviras elaborate townplanning rests on the conscious. First of all, the cities of harappa and mohenjodaro followed a grid system. Bronze age civilisation major sites h ar p first ivc sites to be excavated excavated by daya ram sahini in 1921 location. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised. Major cities during indus valley civilization source. The cities show evidence of an advanced sense of planning and organization. Nile valley, and around 2500 bce in the indus valley. Ancient indian town planning principles sutra vedas. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. Researchers believe that the aryans influenced the hindu religion. Wealthy indus valley families lived in comfortable houses built around courtyards. Until the early part of the 20th century, few people knew anything about the indus valley civilization. In every aspect like roads, houses, drainage, bath, granary, the harappan people have left an imprint of originality and brilliance. Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in.
Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei. Town planning concepts development of cities cities grew out of earlier villages that existed in the same locality for town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide. The townplanning of harappan culture is one of its most impressive aspects, as though it was the handiwork of a genius of an architect. This research will introduce harappa and mohenjodaro.
Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization 33000bc located in. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of indus river in northwestern part of indian subcontinent it is also referred to as harappan civilization owing to the fact that this civilization was first discovered in 1921 at the modern site of harappa situated in the punjab province punjab of current day. The indus valley people had wellbuilt, well organised town planning. Montgomery district of punjab pakistan on the bank of ravi. Most of our knowledge of the indus cities is based on excavations at mohenjodaro and harappa. While harappan townplanning is usually based on a duality acropolis lower town, dholaviras plan fig. Its two great centers were the cities of mohenjodaro and harappa. Garg, divya case study city planning and organization of. The term indus valley civilization was used by john marshall for the first time. How did the townships emerge in such a well planned manner.
545 358 1530 378 1380 1549 635 912 220 41 688 661 807 993 1013 718 1506 1226 667 1177 311 896 750 119 761 1050 1526 426 781 952 1192 352 1194 427 55 131 1266 1305 719 959 658 1366 494 1367 692 262 991 1084